• Financial accounting: general ledger, fixed assets, payables including vouchering, matching and payment, receivables and collections, cash management, financial consolidation
• Management accounting: budgeting, costing, cost management, activity based costing
• Human resources: recruiting, training, rostering, payroll, benefits, retirement and pension plans, diversity management, retirement, separation
• Manufacturing: engineering, bill of materials, work orders, scheduling, capacity, workflow management, quality control, manufacturing process, manufacturing projects, manufacturing flow, product life cycle management
• Order processing: order to cash, order entry, credit checking, pricing, available to promise, inventory, shipping, sales analysis and reporting, sales commissioning
• Supply chain management: supply chain planning, supplier scheduling, product configurator, order to cash, purchasing, inventory, claim processing, warehousing (receiving, putaway, picking and packing)
• Project management: project planning, resource planning, project costing, work breakdown structure, billing, time and expense, performance units, activity management
• Customer relationship management (CRM): sales and marketing, commissions, service, customer contact, call center support
• Supplier relationship management (SRM): suppliers, orders, payments.
• Data services: various "self–service" interfaces for customers, suppliers and/or employees

History:

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a term coined in the early 1990s. It began as a group of applications or software focused on combining multiple systems into one integrated system where data could be shared across the enterprise, reducing redundant data entry and processes. Its origin was in manufacturing and production planning, which began as Material Resource Planning (MRP) systems and later encompassed financial, human resources, and reporting systems. In the mid 1990s, we saw ERP solutions expanded to include ordering systems, financial and accounting systems, asset management, human resource management systems, and customer relationship management.